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8. Paragraphs


<!entity % sectpar
        " %par; | figure | tabular | table | %mathpar; |
          %thrm; | %litprog; ">

Each of this tags is forming a paragraph.

For obvious reason a paragraph is normally

The behaviour of the exceptions figure and tabular are explained there.
starting and ending with a new line.
How else you would notice it's a paragraph ?

There are some tags, wich always form a paragraph, and one way to form a paragraph implicitly. There are various types of paragraphs, because not every type of paragraph is allowed to appear in every document class in every place.

The different types of paragraphs are:

8.1 Normal Paragraph

Normal paragraphs can be formed in two ways:

Paragraph tag

The <p> tag is starting a new paragraph. This tag is mandatory if you want to finish a section header without explicitly closing the sect tag. In this case <p> tag then closes the <sect> tag automatically.

Empty Newline

A empty line between two paragraps is implicitly starting a new paragraph. Take care within descriptive lists. There a empty <tag> tag will not be paragraphed by an empty line.

8.2 Figures and Tables

The <figure> and the <table> tags form very special paragraphs. Not alays they stay within the normal textflow. Both of the tags can hold a loc (loction) attribute wich is telling how to handle the flow of this special paragraph.

The value of the loc attribute is a string of up to four letters, where each letter declares a location at which the figure or table may appear, as follows:


hhereAt the same location as in the SGML file ttopAt the top of a page bbottomAt the bottom of a page ppageOn a separate page only with figures and tables

The default value of the loc attribute is top.

Table Tag


<!element table   - - (tabular, caption?) >

As you can see a table consists of the <table> tag itself, including a <tabular> tag and a optional >caption< tag.

The <tabular> tag may also be placed without a <table> tag so it is described in detail in it's own section (see Tabular Tag).

The caption is used also to place the entry for the list of tables if you stated one (see The List Of Tables Tag).

A short example will show how it's working together.

<table loc="h">
<tabular ca="lcr">
Look|this|table@
Isn't|it|nice@
1.234|mixed|collumns
</tabular>
<caption>A sample table
</table>

And here how it's comming out in the form you mapped this document:


Look
thistable
Isn'titnice
1.234mixedcollumns
A sample table

The caption "A sample table" would be the name in the list of tables.

Figure Tag


<!element figure - - ((eps | ph ), img*, caption?)>

The usage of the <figure> tag is aequivalent to the <table> tag. Instead of the <tabular> tag you place either a <eps> or a <ph> tag.

Encapsulated Postscript™ Tag


<!attlist eps
        file cdata #required
        height cdata "5cm"
        angle cdata "0">

The <eps> tag is intended for including a external file in encapsulated postscript™ format into the document.

The attributes of the <eps> tag are:

file

The file attribute needs the file name of a encapsulated postscript™ file ending with a .ps suffix. The mandatory .ps suffix must not be written.

height

The height of the space the file is zoomed to. If you don't specify it defaults to 5cm. Take care that there's no spcae between the number and the length unit (i, cm).

angle

The angle is given in normal degrees (0-360) and as the number is increasing the file is rotated counter clockwise.

A example:

<figure loc="here">
<eps file="issue" height="4cm" angle="15">
<caption>A included encapsulated postscript&trade;
</figure>

Results to:

A included encapsulated postscript™ file.

The caption here would go to the list of figures as decribed in section The List Of Figures Tag.

Placeholder Tag


<!attlist ph
        vspace cdata #required>

This tag doesn't place anything but keeps a clean space for good old manual picture pasting. The space kept free is destined by the vspace attribte. Caveat: The numerical argument for the vspace attribte needs a unit directly behind the number. Don't leave a space there (same as for the height attribute in Encapsulated Postscript™ Tag.

<figure loc="h">
<ph vspace="5cm">
<caption>A blank space.
</figure>

Results to:

A blank space for gluuing a photo

At this point you might want to look for your scissors and the glue.

8.3 Tabular Tag


<!element tabular - - 
       (hline?, %tabrow, (rowsep, hline?, %tabrow)*, caption?) >

The <tabular> tag is interpreted as an own paragraph, if it is written standalone. Together with a <table> tag it gets part of the paragraph of the <table> tag (see Table tag).

Within the tabular tag you have rows an collumns wich are separating the text. You have to have at least one collumn and one row.

Wouldn't be very usefull otherwise.

The <tabular> tag has a mandatory ca attribute for collumn allignement. The collumn allignement holds a single character for each collumn in their order from left to right. The chracters you may place per collumn are:


charallignment lleft ccentered rright

In theory you should be able to place a | into the ca attribure for drawing a horizontal line for separating two collumns. The problem: It doesn't work. The parser accepts it nicely, only the LaTeX output will map | to {$|$} wich is of course the set for four collumns with invalid collumn allignement for all four collums. I'll try to figure out what to do about it.

The columns within the <tabular> tag are separated by a collumn separator, the <colsep> tag. The character | is translated to <colsep> so you can also place that one instead

Less typing, more fun.
.

What's valid for collumns is also valid for rows. You separate the by a row separator, the <rowsep> tag. The character @ is translated to <rowsep>.

Optional you can place a horizontal line with the <hline> tag. Take care with that one: The SGML tools will parse it nicely weather you place it in front of the row you want under the line, or behind the end of the row you want over it. But the only place to write it without causing the parser to shout "error" is to write it dircetly and without space or newline behind the row separator.

<tabular ca="lcr">
Look|this|table@<hline>
Isn't|it|nice@
1.234|mixed|collumns@
</tabular>

Results in:


Lookthistable Isn'titnice 1.234mixedcollumns

8.4 Mathematical Paragraph


<!entity % mathpar " dm | eq " >

A mathematical paragraph consits either of a displayed formula, tagged by <dm>
No, sorry, not for Deutschmark! ;-)
or an equation, tagged by <eq>. They work very much the same.

Both of these tags contain a mathematical formula. See Mathematical Formulas for the tags valid here.

Displayed Formula Tag

This tag displays a mathematical formula as a paragraph. The formula is mapped centered as a single line

No guarantee for that. You know: Mapping is a matter of taste.
.

<dm>(a+b)<sup/2/=a<sup/2/+2ab+b<sup/2/</dm>
Is mapped to: (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2

Equation Tag

<dm>(a+b)<sup/2/=a<sup/2/+2ab+b<sup/2/</dm>
Is mapped to: (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2

8.5 Theorem Paragraph


<!entity % thrm 
        " def | prop | lemma | coroll | proof | theorem " >

<!element def - - (thtag?, p+) >
<!element prop - - (thtag?, p+) >
<!element lemma - - (thtag?, p+) >
<!element coroll - - (thtag?, p+) >
<!element proof - - (p+) >
<!element theorem - - (thtag?, p+) >

As you can see the different types of theorem paragraphs are nearly identical. The only exception wich is a little bit different is the proof wich doesn't own a thtag. For all the others the thtag is giving the tag of the theorem paragraph.

Yust try to use that one, wich is fitting the meaning of what you are typing.

<thrm>
<thtag>Alexander's thrm</thtag>
Let <f>&lt;fi/G/</f> be a set of nontrivially achievable subgoals
and &mu; an order on <f>&lt;fi/G/</f>. &mu; is abstractly
indicative if and only if it is a linearization of
<f><lim><op>&mu;</op><ll><fi/G/</ll><ul>&ast;</ul></lim></f>.
</theorem>

The thrm is replaced by the adequate tag.

Maybe somebody knowing about mathematics would be shocked about my abuse of the types, but I'm lazy so I simply copied the examples:

Definition (def): Alexander's Definition

Let G be a set of nontrivially achievable subgoals and µ an order on G. µ is abstractly indicative if and only if it is a linearization of µG

.

Proposition (prop): Alexander's Proposition

Let G be a set of nontrivially achievable subgoals and µ an order on G. µ is abstractly indicative if and only if it is a linearization of µG

.

Lemma (lemma): Alexander's Lemma

Let G be a set of nontrivially achievable subgoals and µ an order on G. µ is abstractly indicative if and only if it is a linearization of µG

.

Corollation (coroll): Alexander's Corollary

Let G be a set of nontrivially achievable subgoals and µ an order on G. µ is abstractly indicative if and only if it is a linearization of µG

.

Alexander's Theorem

Let G be a set of nontrivially achievable subgoals and µ an order on G. µ is abstractly indicative if and only if it is a linearization of µG

.

The proof is yust the same without the thtag:

Let G be a set of nontrivially achievable subgoals and µ an order on G. µ is abstractly indicative if and only if it is a linearization of µG

.


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